Showing posts with label Market. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Market. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 22, 2010

Forex Secrets - Developing the "Anti-Chaos" Trading Strategy and Tactics at Forex Market (Part I)


"Trading chaos": B. Williams's contribution and the reasons why millions of traders all over the world lose their deposits when they work according to the techniques of this author.

The book "Trading Chaos" by B. Williams is the classical edition that deals with giving the technical analysis to Forex. It is of a great interest not only to me but also to millions of B. Williams's admirers all over the world. From the viewpoint of mine as a trader, this book is so popular because B. Williams tried to do the following:

1. To present Forex chaotic market as a system, making use of the chaos theory.

2. To depict his vision of logic of the structural components motion in this chaos: a) the strategy (Elliot's wave theory); b) the tactics (the fractal analysis; the use of fractals and the so-called "key factor" - i.e., financial and economic instruments.

3. To submit 5 levels of the professional training of every trader. Each of these levels is clearly described and specified - as well as the corresponding goals and the instruments that traders must be capable of using at each of these levels.

In particular, the following chapters of the book in question are dedicated to the problems enumerated below:

Chapter 6. The first level - a trader- novice.

Chapter 7. The second level - an advanced beginner.

Chapter 9. The third level - a competent trader.

Chapter 11. The fourth level - a skilful (trading) trader.

Chapter 12. The fifth level - a trader -expert.

4. Besides, B. Williams enumerates 5 "bullets" that can "kill" any trend -i.e., its reversal points (points of reference). Starting from such points, one can develop new strategy and tactics of the work within the trend.

5. B. Williams also recommends making a business plan. In this "control list", one must clearly specify "the working rhythm", the signals from "the big finger" concerning the deal opening, "stop-loss" levels, cushion pads (suspension pillows), etc.

6. As a professional psychotherapist and trader, B. Williams submits practical recommendations to the beginners and skillful (competent) traders - see Chapters 11 and 12 from "Trading Chaos». The essence of his attitude to traders' principal psychological problems can be approximately formulated as the following. We learn how to integrate into the market basic structure and establish contacts with the market via realizing our own prejudices and by the development of our individual trading programs. You should compare this approach with other psychoanalysts' viewpoints. Such "specialists" try to make money at Forex market rather incompetently (see Chapter 23, dedicated to traders' psychological problems that arise during the work at Forex and methods of their "healing").

7. As the logical continuation of "Trading Chaos", B. Williams has written another book - see "New Dimensions in Exchange Trading". In this book, the author presents his business approach - i.e., Profitunity "via the web".

· He has introduced the indicators (AO, AC and Alligator). Now they are regarded as the obligatory) components of the majority of Forex trading systems.

· He tried to "specify (detect) all market signals" and open deals at the moment when such signals coincide simultaneously, which must be confirmed by different indicators.

I would like to keep on complimenting B. Williams for his accomplishments and contribution to Forex theory but for "one snag to it". Several years ago I started to reflect on certain aspects of B. William's theory. That is, as a rule, 95-97% of traders had lost at Forex before the edition of "Trade Chaos 1, -2" and "New dimensions". At the same time, notwithstanding all achievements and discoveries by B. Williams, the number of traders -losers still remains the same even after the editing of these books.

This circumstance forced me to scrutinize many of B. William's positions more impartially and in detail. I have cardinally reconsidered my views on the trading at Forex.

As I see it, one must clearly distinguish domains where techniques by B. William's and other authors are applicable and where they do not work but only accelerate the process of losing money by a trader. Only after having learned how to detect this boundary one can develop one's own trading system that will bring profits at Forex.

Further, I try to submit my views on Forex market. Starting from the theory, I make a transition to its practical application. In this way one can better understand logic of the currency pair movement at Forex market. Consequently, this approach helps us to trace out a general pattern of opening and closing of transactions at Forex.

CHANGES in FOREX MARKET. FOREX CONTROLLABLE SYSTEM instead of CHAOTIC MARKET and ITS CONSEQUENCES for TRADER'S WORK

Previously Forex was a chaotic market. B. Williams tried to find elements of a system, making use of the theory of chaos. At present the system "tries to disguise its goals and plans" with the help of a superficially chaotic character of movements in this market.

As regards Consortium, the PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION that a trader must make after reading this chapter is the following. This market has ceased to be spontaneous. Now it is organized and controllable. At present volumes of transactions, opened by traders, have ceased being of great influence. Somebody's interest "to push" a currency towards this or that direction has become much more important. Often this interest aims at usurping an N- transaction volume and a number of traders' orders. The primary goal has become to reverse all currency pairs into the opposite direction. This is why the currency often "moves" against the volume, news and the common sense. The charts on April 1, 2005 perfectly illustrate these tendencies. I sincerely hope that everybody sees that these graphs do make exceptions but they don't confirm the rules of Forex.

This is why the techniques of working at Forex, written by those classicists who dealt with the spontaneous market, will more and more diverge from the currency real (true) quotations. It is necessary to mention that at the spontaneous market the direction of the trend and its intensity coincide with the trading volume. At present the base of Forex market is changed in its essence. Now it's being driven by INTEREST of a certain grouping but not by spontaneous forces. This grouping prescribes the currency quotations to us at the market. It is ready to reverse currency pairs against any volume of traders' orders.

The reader should recall one of A. Elder's principal ideas - this author is the classicist of the stock market technical analysis, a trader and the professional psychotherapist. He states that the market is being driven by a crowd (flock), which opens the deals towards one direction. This results in the trade formation.

It is justified when one deals with the chaotic market.

But what does happen at Forex market at present?

Let us again return to the example of USD trend reversal from the "bear" type to "bull" one.

The charts on April 1, 2005 are depicted below.

Chart 8.1. EUR/USD movement (For view picture see notes in end of article)

Chart 8.2. GBP/USD pair movement. (For view picture see notes in end of article)

Let us scrutinize GBP/USD pair behavior on April 1, 2005 after issuing of positive data on GBP and negative ones concerning USA economics. During March, in Great Britain CIPS manufacturing index made 52.0 (the previous value had been reconsidered from 51.8 down to 51.6). In New York, the oil price heightened by $ 2.40 - up to $ 57.70 per barrel. It was the new record-breaking high price in 21 years. During March in USA Nonfarm payrolls were minimal to start from July of the previous year. Its previous value was revised towards its diminution. Michigan sentiment index was 92.6 in March (the forecast had been 92.9 - it had coincided with the previous value). All USA indexes had fallen down.

I hope you take on trust that at the same moment all other currency pairs were adjusted for benefit of USD rate rise against other national currencies. Those who do not believe can check it - these data are public and open to general use.

There arise the questions.

1. Can traders all over the world open transactions in USD "bear" trend almost at the same moment (from M1 to H4 and D1). That is, under the condition of the issue of negative news on USA economy, all traders simultaneously started to buy USD and sell all national currencies. Consequently, USD rate began to sky-rocket. Clearly, this situation contradicts the news, logic and common sense.

2. One should pay attention to the synchronous character of motion of all national currency pairs. The difference in time makes from a fraction of a second to a minute.

The charts on April 29, 2005 serve as another example.

Chart 8.3. EUR/USD pair movement (For view picture see notes in end of article)

Chart 8.4. GBP/USD pair movement (For view picture see notes in end of article)

Analysts attract our attention to the following facts. In the European session EURO/USD pair rate had increased up to the point 1.2976. In the American session it fell down to 1.2852, minimal to start from April 15. The rate fell more than by 120 points. Analysts emphasize the fact that high values of several other USA indices (CIPS and Chicago PMI) pegged USD rate.

In USA in March the personal income index was +0.5%. At the same time, the prognostication had been +0.4%, which had coincided with the previous value. In USA in March the personal spending index made +0.6%. The prognostication and the previous value had been +0.5% and +0.7%, respectively. In April Chicago PMI made 65.6. The prognostication had been 63.0, whereas the prognostication and the previous value had had been 63.0 and 69.2, respectively.

As the consequence of this second "fortuitous" reversal of currencies, USD trend at H4 was changed - from April till the end September, 2005 - i.e., during half a year (at least when his chapter was being written).

As the result of this reversal, national currencies were depreciated with respect to USD. The corresponding indicators (gauges) are the following:

· EURO fell by 1100 points (from 1.2972 down to 1.1865);

· GBP fell by 1900 points (from 1.9164 down to 1.7271);

· CHF fell by 1600 points (from 1.1882 down to 1.3484);

· AUD fell almost by 500 points (from 1.7844 down to 1.7365).

It is an absurd joke, isn't it?

That is, the trend has reversed synchronously with respect to all national currencies by 1000-1900 points for half a year just because of the following events in USA on March, 2005:

- Chicago PMI index was +0.5% instead of +0.4%;

- personal spending index made +0.6% in place of the previous value +0.7%.

Were these events stimulated by traders' wishes and expectations? That is, does it look like all traders simultaneously were being staking wrong over and over again during half a year!

Giving analysis to all the events of those two days, one can see a striking alternative:

1. Either we assume an absurd possibility that there does exist "a world-wide plot of traders" - big gamblers at Forex " included. That is, traders can always act synchronously, whereas National Banks of all countries keep on remaining oddly passive.

2. Otherwise, proceeding from these and hundreds of thousands of the analogous examples, we must admit that Forex is not a spontaneous, unpredictable and chaotic market any more. Now it is replaced by a market, controlled by somebody. In terms of Financial Times and the journal "Currency profiteer (speculator)", this parent group (the organizer of Forex ), is called "Consortium". Below I use this term as well. Consortium is capable of the following:

a). in a fraction of a second to reverse USD trend more than by thousand of points with respect to all national currencies of the world;

b). not to give any chance to National Banks of all countries in the world to prevent the steep fall (or rise) of their national currency rates with respect to USD. Surely, it is assumable that National Banks closely collaborate with this Consortium. However, in this context another statement is important. That is, USD rate reversal occurs simultaneously with respect to exchange rates of all national currencies. However, it looks rather dubious that this very day wishes of all National Banks' suddenly coincided with the purposes of Consortium. Probably, another situation is more realistic. At least some of National Banks were forced to obey Consortium's resolution - i.e., to reverse USD trend with respect to other currencies, their own included.

Thus, there emerges a completely different model. One must not follow "the crowd" ("the flock"), trading volumes and postponed orders at Forex. Giving analysis to a series of factors (the trading volume included), it is necessary to understand the interests and aims of those who give quotations at Forex. Our goal is "to trade together with those individuals". Very often it is against the "crowd" and "volume" of transactions opened by traders. It is illustrated by the example of the charts on April 1, 2005.

Let's dwell on the difference between the goals of Organizer and common participants of any of financial games.

Imagine yourself in the position of an organizer of any financial game, the game of " Forex " included. In the shoes of Organizer, first of all you must determine your goals and principles, opposite to those of other participants of this "game".

1. For the game organizer it is to gain profit regularly and stably.

2. For this purpose, Organizer tries to establish the game rules as simple and "impartial" as possible. His goal is to make this game attractive for all other participants. In this way Organizer collects a large audience of traders, independently of their age, profession and other differences between them.

And now one should look at the familiar aspects from this viewpoint.

a). The fundamental and technical analysis; the army of economists-analysts and other "specialists" who teach all participants to work at Forex "as all do".

b). The classical version of notions of the support and resistance levels (indicators, advisers, etc.), intended for placing all suspended orders and stop-losses approximately at the same points.

c). An abundance of news and factors that influence the currency quotation behavior. As the result, one can readily explain the movement of any currency pair in any way one likes - however, such explanations are submitted post factum.

In case of logical gaps in "impartiality" of the currency pair movement explanation after the issue of news, "foul (forbidden)" methods are always "at service". It is just impossible to refute this reasoning! There are the examples: "the market is unpredictable", "the currency has already finished "working for" the given news before its publication", "the participants have noticed a negative aspect of the index high values, which for sure will manifest itself in future", "an unknown clearing bank has placed an order for buying a given currency in a large amount - under the condition of the "bear" trend (when all trader stake on "sell")", etc. Can you prove the opposite? Surely, you cannot.

You should compare the behavior of the controllable and spontaneous currency markets under the condition of force major.

Only the force major factor is totally unpredictable by Organizer. Such circumstances impartially and clearly indicate the difference between the spontaneous and organized (controllable) markets.

In any area, extremities always play the role of the moment of absolute truth. That is, such extreme situations indicate weak and strong points of any system. It relates to politicians' behavior at crucial periods in a State, to putting on trial equipment and to the situation at the currency market under force major circumstances.

The Episode #1. The force major circumstances in USA on September 11, 2001. There is the difference in the behavior of spontaneous and controllable money-markets.

Chart 8.5. EUR/USD pair movement (For view picture see notes in end of article)

Chart 8.6. GBP/USD pair movement (For view picture see notes in end of article)

The results of trading at Forex on September 11, 2001 ( Forexite Ltd.) are the following. The dollar rate sweepingly fell as compared with the principal national currencies. EURO/USD rate increased more than by 200 points (from 0.8965 up to 0.99167). GBP/USD rate increased more than by 210 points (from 1.4559 up to 1.4773). USD/JPY rate fell almost by 330 points (from 121.84 down to 118.58).

The reason for drop in USD rate was the terrorists' attacks on New-York and Washington. According to news agencies, terrorists had had high-jacked passenger planes. The latter were directed at Trading Center in New-York and Department of Defense (Pentagon) in Washington. The planes had fallen down, which caused the subsequent conflagration and collapse of Trading Center two sky-scrapers. As the result, the trading at New-York Stock Exchange did not take place that day. It was suspended for a not fixed period of time.

The events in USA stimulated the drastic strengthening of CHF rate. In American session USD/CHF rate fell more than by 530 points (from 1.6895 down to 1.6365). EURO/CHF rate fell more than by 200 points and came down lower than the level of the strong psychological support - 1.5 CHF for 1 EURO - to the point 1.4950. The matter is that CHF is considered saving (salutary) currency under the conditions of various world crises. Consequently, investors were anxious to buy CHF as many as possible in such an uncertain situation, induced by the act of terrorism in USA.

Do you get it? Panic captured the whole world - in the first place, USA itself. At the same time, USD rate fell with respect to

- EURO by 2%;

- GBP by 1.47%;

- JPY by 2.7%.

Now let us determine the real fall in USD rate all over the world. As the starting point we take Special Decision by National Bank of Ukraine.

The board of directors of National Bank of Ukraine adopted the resolution, in accordance to which National Bank of Ukraine could fix a rate without taking into account demand and supply. After the act of terrorism in USA on September 11, currency exchange centers in Ukraine raided USD buying rate from 5.25 down to 3.0-2.5 hrivnia (Ukrainian national money) per $1. USD selling rate was being maintained at 5, 35 hrivnia per $1. National Bank of Ukraine stipulated that USD exchange rate had not to deviate from the official rate more than by 10%. Only after threatening to cancel the license to work at the currency cash payments market (Available Funds), currency exchange centers return to buying of USD in cash according to the rate that had been in force before September 11, 2001.

That is, in contrast to the controllable market, the spontaneous one reacted to one day of the force major of September 11 by the double fall in USD rate and more!

Thus, the difference between the reactions of the currency exchange spontaneous and controllable markets makes 50 times and more.

Is it a pure accident? Thus, it looks as at that day the traders, one and all, deciding to stand by USD - so that in their transactions they did not stake on USD rate slump? Or, probably, some of traders bought USD against other national currencies, even not knowing whether USA economics will retain the leading positions in the world or it will level with undeveloped countries (e.g., such as Ukraine). Is it possible? You just imagine what would happen if another plane or two were fallen on reactors of nuclear power plants in USA so that the major part of America would turn into "Chernobyl zone"!

See continuation of this article under name Forex Secrets - Developing the "anti-chaos" trading strategy and tactics at Forex market (Part II)

Note: Full text of this article and pictures of examples Article

If you wish to be trained on Trading System Masterforex-V - one of new and most effective techniques of trade on Forex in the world visit Masterforex-V Academy








Vyacheslav Vasilevich (Masterforex-V)
Professional Trader from 2000 year.
President of Masterforex-V Trading Academy.
Author of Books:

1. Trade secrets by a professional trader or what B. Williams, A. Elder and J. Schwager not told about Forex to traders.
2. Technical analyses in Trading System MasterForex-V.
3. Entry and Exit Points at Forex Market

Free Books Website:
Masterforex-V Trading Academy


Forex Options Market Overview


The forex options market started as an over-the-counter (OTC) financial vehicle for large banks, financial institutions and large international corporations to hedge against foreign currency exposure. Like the forex spot market, the forex options market is considered an "interbank" market. However, with the plethora of real-time financial data and forex option trading software available to most investors through the internet, today's forex option market now includes an increasingly large number of individuals and corporations who are speculating and/or hedging foreign currency exposure via telephone or online forex trading platforms.

Forex option trading has emerged as an alternative investment vehicle for many traders and investors. As an investment tool, forex option trading provides both large and small investors with greater flexibility when determining the appropriate forex trading and hedging strategies to implement.

Most forex options trading is conducted via telephone as there are only a few forex brokers offering online forex option trading platforms.

Forex Option Defined - A forex option is a financial currency contract giving the forex option buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a specific forex spot contract (the underlying) at a specific price (the strike price) on or before a specific date (the expiration date). The amount the forex option buyer pays to the forex option seller for the forex option contract rights is called the forex option "premium."

The Forex Option Buyer - The buyer, or holder, of a foreign currency option has the choice to either sell the foreign currency option contract prior to expiration, or he or she can choose to hold the foreign currency options contract until expiration and exercise his or her right to take a position in the underlying spot foreign currency. The act of exercising the foreign currency option and taking the subsequent underlying position in the foreign currency spot market is known as "assignment" or being "assigned" a spot position.

The only initial financial obligation of the foreign currency option buyer is to pay the premium to the seller up front when the foreign currency option is initially purchased. Once the premium is paid, the foreign currency option holder has no other financial obligation (no margin is required) until the foreign currency option is either offset or expires.

On the expiration date, the call buyer can exercise his or her right to buy the underlying foreign currency spot position at the foreign currency option's strike price, and a put holder can exercise his or her right to sell the underlying foreign currency spot position at the foreign currency option's strike price. Most foreign currency options are not exercised by the buyer, but instead are offset in the market before expiration.

Foreign currency options expires worthless if, at the time the foreign currency option expires, the strike price is "out-of-the-money." In simplest terms, a foreign currency option is "out-of-the-money" if the underlying foreign currency spot price is lower than a foreign currency call option's strike price, or the underlying foreign currency spot price is higher than a put option's strike price. Once a foreign currency option has expired worthless, the foreign currency option contract itself expires and neither the buyer nor the seller have any further obligation to the other party.

The Forex Option Seller - The foreign currency option seller may also be called the "writer" or "grantor" of a foreign currency option contract. The seller of a foreign currency option is contractually obligated to take the opposite underlying foreign currency spot position if the buyer exercises his right. In return for the premium paid by the buyer, the seller assumes the risk of taking a possible adverse position at a later point in time in the foreign currency spot market.

Initially, the foreign currency option seller collects the premium paid by the foreign currency option buyer (the buyer's funds will immediately be transferred into the seller's foreign currency trading account). The foreign currency option seller must have the funds in his or her account to cover the initial margin requirement. If the markets move in a favorable direction for the seller, the seller will not have to post any more funds for his foreign currency options other than the initial margin requirement. However, if the markets move in an unfavorable direction for the foreign currency options seller, the seller may have to post additional funds to his or her foreign currency trading account to keep the balance in the foreign currency trading account above the maintenance margin requirement.

Just like the buyer, the foreign currency option seller has the choice to either offset (buy back) the foreign currency option contract in the options market prior to expiration, or the seller can choose to hold the foreign currency option contract until expiration. If the foreign currency options seller holds the contract until expiration, one of two scenarios will occur: (1) the seller will take the opposite underlying foreign currency spot position if the buyer exercises the option or (2) the seller will simply let the foreign currency option expire worthless (keeping the entire premium) if the strike price is out-of-the-money.

Please note that "puts" and "calls" are separate foreign currency options contracts and are NOT the opposite side of the same transaction. For every put buyer there is a put seller, and for every call buyer there is a call seller. The foreign currency options buyer pays a premium to the foreign currency options seller in every option transaction.

Forex Call Option - A foreign exchange call option gives the foreign exchange options buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a specific foreign exchange spot contract (the underlying) at a specific price (the strike price) on or before a specific date (the expiration date). The amount the foreign exchange option buyer pays to the foreign exchange option seller for the foreign exchange option contract rights is called the option "premium."

Please note that "puts" and "calls" are separate foreign exchange options contracts and are NOT the opposite side of the same transaction. For every foreign exchange put buyer there is a foreign exchange put seller, and for every foreign exchange call buyer there is a foreign exchange call seller. The foreign exchange options buyer pays a premium to the foreign exchange options seller in every option transaction.

The Forex Put Option - A foreign exchange put option gives the foreign exchange options buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specific foreign exchange spot contract (the underlying) at a specific price (the strike price) on or before a specific date (the expiration date). The amount the foreign exchange option buyer pays to the foreign exchange option seller for the foreign exchange option contract rights is called the option "premium."

Please note that "puts" and "calls" are separate foreign exchange options contracts and are NOT the opposite side of the same transaction. For every foreign exchange put buyer there is a foreign exchange put seller, and for every foreign exchange call buyer there is a foreign exchange call seller. The foreign exchange options buyer pays a premium to the foreign exchange options seller in every option transaction.

Plain Vanilla Forex Options - Plain vanilla options generally refer to standard put and call option contracts traded through an exchange (however, in the case of forex option trading, plain vanilla options would refer to the standard, generic forex option contracts that are traded through an over-the-counter (OTC) forex options dealer or clearinghouse). In simplest terms, vanilla forex options would be defined as the buying or selling of a standard forex call option contract or a forex put option contract.

Exotic Forex Options - To understand what makes an exotic forex option "exotic," you must first understand what makes a forex option "non-vanilla." Plain vanilla forex options have a definitive expiration structure, payout structure and payout amount. Exotic forex option contracts may have a change in one or all of the above features of a vanilla forex option. It is important to note that exotic options, since they are often tailored to a specific's investor's needs by an exotic forex options broker, are generally not very liquid, if at all.

Intrinsic & Extrinsic Value - The price of an FX option is calculated into two separate parts, the intrinsic value and the extrinsic (time) value.

The intrinsic value of an FX option is defined as the difference between the strike price and the underlying FX spot contract rate (American Style Options) or the FX forward rate (European Style Options). The intrinsic value represents the actual value of the FX option if exercised. Please note that the intrinsic value must be zero (0) or above - if an FX option has no intrinsic value, then the FX option is simply referred to as having no (or zero) intrinsic value (the intrinsic value is never represented as a negative number). An FX option with no intrinsic value is considered "out-of-the-money," an FX option having intrinsic value is considered "in-the-money," and an FX option with a strike price at, or very close to, the underlying FX spot rate is considered "at-the-money."

The extrinsic value of an FX option is commonly referred to as the "time" value and is defined as the value of an FX option beyond the intrinsic value. A number of factors contribute to the calculation of the extrinsic value including, but not limited to, the volatility of the two spot currencies involved, the time left until expiration, the riskless interest rate of both currencies, the spot price of both currencies and the strike price of the FX option. It is important to note that the extrinsic value of FX options erodes as its expiration nears. An FX option with 60 days left to expiration will be worth more than the same FX option that has only 30 days left to expiration. Because there is more time for the underlying FX spot price to possibly move in a favorable direction, FX options sellers demand (and FX options buyers are willing to pay) a larger premium for the extra amount of time.

Volatility - Volatility is considered the most important factor when pricing forex options and it measures movements in the price of the underlying. High volatility increases the probability that the forex option could expire in-the-money and increases the risk to the forex option seller who, in turn, can demand a larger premium. An increase in volatility causes an increase in the price of both call and put options.

Delta - The delta of a forex option is defined as the change in price of a forex option relative to a change in the underlying forex spot rate. A change in a forex option's delta can be influenced by a change in the underlying forex spot rate, a change in volatility, a change in the riskless interest rate of the underlying spot currencies or simply by the passage of time (nearing of the expiration date).

The delta must always be calculated in a range of zero to one (0-1.0). Generally, the delta of a deep out-of-the-money forex option will be closer to zero, the delta of an at-the-money forex option will be near .5 (the probability of exercise is near 50%) and the delta of deep in-the-money forex options will be closer to 1.0. In simplest terms, the closer a forex option's strike price is relative to the underlying spot forex rate, the higher the delta because it is more sensitive to a change in the underlying rate.








John Nobile - Senior Account Executive
CFOS/FX - Online Forex Spot and Options Brokerage